: any of a genus (Fraxinus) of trees of the olive family with pinnate leaves, thin furrowed bark, and gray branchlets
2
: the tough elastic wood of an ash
3
[Old English æsc, name of the corresponding runic letter]: the ligature æ used in Old English and some phonetic alphabets to represent a low front vowel \a\
Noun (2)
a new and more splendid city was built on the ashes of the old
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Noun
Images shared by the agency showed clouds of thick gray ash billowing from the crater.—Reuters, NBC news, 19 May 2025 The volcanic ash cloud drifted east across the United States in three days and encircled Earth in 15 days.—Kurt Snibbe, Oc Register, 16 May 2025
Verb
The 2025 Los Angeles wildfires reduced more than 15,000 structures to ash in a matter of days.—Santina Contreras, The Conversation, 2 Apr. 2025 Other ways to reuse the tree include: Burning the wood to ash your garden.
Making firewood.—Kaycee Sloan, The Enquirer, 23 Dec. 2024 See All Example Sentences for ash
Word History
Etymology
Noun (1)
Middle English asshe, from Old English æsc; akin to Old High German ask ash, Latin ornus mountain ash
Noun (2)
Middle English, usually as plural asshen, askes, axen, ashes, going back to Old English axe, asce (feminine weak noun), going back to Germanic *askōn- (whence also Old Saxon asc-, in ascal "ash-colored," Old High German asca, ascha "ash," Old Norse aska) beside apparent *azgō in Gothic azgo "ash," both of uncertain origin
Note:
The older handbooks see the Germanic etymon as a "root extension" of a verbal base *ā̌s- "burn," in current laryngealist terms *h1eh2s-,*h2h̥1s- "make dry through heat" ("[durch Hitze] vertrocknen" in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben)—see etymology and note at arid. The discrepancy between West and North Germanic ask- (from *azg-?) and Gothic azg- (from *azgh-?) is variously explained. E. Seebold (Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 22. Auflage) regards the velar extension as a suffix of appurtenance, the ashes being in effect "what belongs to the hearth/fire." (Also of relevance would be Armenian azazim "become dry, wither," if from *h2h̥1s-gh- —see H. Martirosyan, Etymologial Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon, Brill, 2010 s.v.) Seebold sees the "ash" words with long vowels (Hittite ḫāšš- "ashes, dust," Sanskrit ā́saḥ) as parallel derivations, in this case by the employment of lengthened grade. The inconvenient Gothic word azgo is explained as the outcome of a suffixed verbal derivative *haz-d-ko- (on the verbal derivative see azalea). Departing completely from the root-extension hypotheses, G. Kroonen (Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Brill, 2013) sees the Germanic word as a possible compound of Indo-European *h2ed- "dry up" and *dhegwh- "burn."
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