lithium

noun

lith·​i·​um ˈli-thē-əm How to pronounce lithium (audio)
1
: a chemical element of the alkali metal group that is the lightest metal known and that is used especially in alloys and glass, in mechanical lubricants, and in storage batteries see Chemical Elements Table
2
: a salt of lithium (such as lithium carbonate) used in psychiatric medicine

Examples of lithium in a Sentence

Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Demand for lithium and cobalt, two elements critical to batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles, is expected to double over the next five years, according to the USGS’s first World Minerals Outlook, released March 11. Dipka Bhambhani, Forbes, 14 Mar. 2025 Canada has rich stores of lithium, cobalt, and nickel, among other resources, and had previously worked with the U.S. government to create a North American supply chain for batteries and other clean energy technologies. Justin Worland/houston, TIME, 14 Mar. 2025 For critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, and graphite, the United States developed the Minerals Security Partnership to pool resources with the European Union, Japan, Korea, and other like-minded countries to incentivize mining and processing outside China. Chad P. Bown, Foreign Affairs, 11 Mar. 2025 Chile is a major U.S. supplier of lithium, a major component for batteries in electric vehicles. Suzanne Gamboa, NBC News, 10 Mar. 2025 See All Example Sentences for lithium

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from New Latin (in German context) Lithium, taken as the metallic component of the alkali Lithion, probably based on Greek litheîon, neuter of litheîos "of stone," derivative of líthos "stone, rock," of obscure origin

Note: The alkali was discovered and analyzed, apparently in late 1817, by the Swedish chemist Johan August Arfwedson (1792-1841), who at the time was working in the Stockholm laboratory of J.J. berzelius. Berzelius reported on the discovery and named the components in letters written to the editors of learned publications, as J. S. C. Schweiggers' Journal für Chemie und Physik. Schweiggers published the letter, dated January 27, 1818, as "Ein neues mineralisches Alkali und ein Neues Metall" ("a new mineral alkali and a new metal") in vol. 21 of the journal (pp. 44-48). According to Berzelius, "we have named it [the new alkali] Lithion, thereby alluding to its first discovery in the mineral kingdom, as the two others [the alkali metals sodium and potassium] were first discovered in organic substances [literally, "organic nature"]. Its radical will then be named Lithium." ("Wir haben es Lithion genannt, um dadurch auf seine erste Entdeckung im Mineralreich anzuspielen, da die beiden anderen erst in der organischen Natur entdeckt wurden. Sein Radical wird dann Lithium genannt werden.")

First Known Use

1818, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler
The first known use of lithium was in 1818

Cite this Entry

“Lithium.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lithium. Accessed 23 Mar. 2025.

Kids Definition

lithium

noun
lith·​i·​um ˈlith-ē-əm How to pronounce lithium (audio)
: a soft silver-white element that is the lightest metal known see element

Medical Definition

lithium

noun
lith·​i·​um ˈlith-ē-əm How to pronounce lithium (audio)
1
: a soft silver-white element of the alkali metal group that is the lightest metal known and that is used in chemical synthesis and in storage batteries
symbol Li
see Chemical Elements Table
2
: a lithium salt and especially lithium carbonate used in psychiatric medicine

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