preemption

noun

pre·​emp·​tion prē-ˈem(p)-shən How to pronounce preemption (audio)
Synonyms of preemptionnext
1
a
: the right of purchasing before others
especially : one given by the government to the actual settler upon a tract of public land
b
: the purchase of something under this right
2
: a prior seizure or appropriation : a taking possession before others
3
a
: a doctrine in law according to which federal law supersedes state law when federal law is in conflict with a state law
Even without an express provision for preemption, we have found that state law must yield to a congressional Act in at least two circumstances.—Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council

called also federal preemption

b
: a doctrine in law according to which the legislation of a superior government (such as a state government) supersedes that of an inferior government (such as a municipal government) in conflicts of law
4
: a policy of launching a preemptive attack in order to prevent a suspected imminent attack

Synonyms

See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus 

Examples of preemption in a Sentence

longtime residents resented the preemption of their urban neighborhood by this influx of affluent yuppies
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Legislators in states without similar preemption laws in place were already interested in such reform, but the proposal in Bozeman, regardless of the outcome, is likely to heighten legislators’ interest in preemption. —Patrick Gleason, Forbes, 11 Oct. 2024 The state’s preemption law made the order unenforceable. —Patrik Jonsson, The Christian Science Monitor, 7 June 2024 The preemption attracted attention Monday morning, particularly after CNN reported that MSNBC management was concerned that one of the show's commentators or guests would make an inappropriate comment. —Democrat-Gazette Staff From Wire Reports, arkansasonline.com, 17 July 2024 Scarborough’s upset over the preemption was an unusual but not unprecedented public display of disagreement with network decisions. —Ted Johnson, Deadline, 16 July 2024 See all Example Sentences for preemption 

Word History

Etymology

Medieval Latin praeemption-, praeemptio previous purchase, from praeemere to buy before, from Latin prae- pre- + emere to buy — more at redeem

First Known Use

1602, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of preemption was in 1602

Dictionary Entries Near preemption

preempt

preemption

preemptioner

See More Nearby Entries 

Cite this Entry

“Preemption.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/preemption. Accessed 26 Nov. 2024.

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Legal Definition

preemption

noun
pre·​emp·​tion prē-ˈemp-shən How to pronounce preemption (audio)
1
a
: the right of purchasing before others : preemptive right
b
: a right to purchase a tract of public land before others that was given by the government to the actual occupant of the land

Note: This sense of preemption is primarily of historical importance.

2
: a doctrine in conflicts of law: when a superior government (as of a state) has undertaken to regulate a subject its laws supersede those of an inferior government (as of a municipality)

Note: According to the doctrine of preemption, federal law supersedes state law when federal law is in conflict with a state law on a subject or when there is congressional intent to regulate a subject to the exclusion of the states. Federal preemption is based on the supremacy clause of the U.S. Constitution and is closely related to the powers granted Congress in the commerce clause.

3
: an act or instance of preempting
Etymology

Medieval Latin praeemption-, praeemptio previous purchase, from praeemere to buy before

More from Merriam-Webster on preemption

Britannica English: Translation of preemption for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about preemption

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