punitive

adjective

pu·​ni·​tive ˈpyü-nə-tiv How to pronounce punitive (audio)
: inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
severe punitive measures
punitively adverb
punitiveness noun

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Punitive and the Law

Punitive is an important word in the law. When you sue a person or company for having wronged you in some way, you normally ask for something of value equal to what you were deprived of by the other party. But when the defendant has done something particularly bad, you may also ask for punitive damages, money over and above the actual cost of the harm done, intended to teach the defendant a lesson. Punitive damages are fairly rare, but when they're actually granted they may be as much as four times the size of the basic damages.

Examples of punitive in a Sentence

The federal government will take punitive action against the company that polluted the river. Lobbyists complain that the bill would impose punitive taxes on the industry.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
In addition to their direct effects, which economists have warned could increase the likelihood of a recession in 2025, there are additional concerns about the impacts of America's trading partners' responding with their punitive trade measures. Ron Estes, MSNBC Newsweek, 31 Mar. 2025 The county’s approach under Book, argues Peery, is superficial — rotating people in and out of shelters without pushing for dramatic changes — and punitive. Max Klaver, Miami Herald, 20 Mar. 2025 The prospect of punitive cuts looms large if California and its education institutions refuse to adhere to Trump policy positions on limiting LGBTQ+ rights and DEI programs. Howard Blume, Los Angeles Times, 20 Mar. 2025 Among those was state Rep. Greg Howard, a Republican on the Judiciary Committee who argued in response to testimony from CT Against Gun Violence Executive Director Earl Bloodworth that the bill’s purpose is punitive. Kaitlin McCallum, Hartford Courant, 14 Mar. 2025 See All Example Sentences for punitive

Word History

Etymology

French punitif, from Medieval Latin punitivus, from Latin punitus, past participle of punire

First Known Use

1593, in the meaning defined above

Time Traveler
The first known use of punitive was in 1593

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Cite this Entry

“Punitive.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/punitive. Accessed 5 Apr. 2025.

Kids Definition

punitive

adjective
pu·​ni·​tive ˈpyü-nət-iv How to pronounce punitive (audio)
1
: of or relating to punishment or penalties
punitive law
2
: intended to inflict punishment
a punitive expedition against outlaws
punitively adverb

Legal Definition

punitive

adjective
pu·​ni·​tive ˈpyü-nə-tiv How to pronounce punitive (audio)
: inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
punitively adverb
punitiveness noun

More from Merriam-Webster on punitive

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