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sham

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noun

sham

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verb

Synonym Chooser

How is the word sham different from other nouns like it?

Some common synonyms of sham are counterfeit, fake, fraud, humbug, and imposture. While all these words mean "a thing made to seem other than it is," sham applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action.

condemned the election as a sham

Where would counterfeit be a reasonable alternative to sham?

In some situations, the words counterfeit and sham are roughly equivalent. However, counterfeit applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable.

20-dollar bills that were counterfeits

When could fake be used to replace sham?

The meanings of fake and sham largely overlap; however, fake implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty.

these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault

In what contexts can fraud take the place of sham?

While the synonyms fraud and sham are close in meaning, fraud usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth.

the diary was exposed as a fraud

When is it sensible to use humbug instead of sham?

Although the words humbug and sham have much in common, humbug suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent.

creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public

When might imposture be a better fit than sham?

The words imposture and sham can be used in similar contexts, but imposture applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine.

their claim of environmental concern is an imposture

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of sham
Adjective
Investing or romance scams involve a fraudster building a relationship with a victim via social media or dating apps, intending to con them out of money through a sham investment opportunity. Dylan Butts, CNBC, 6 Mar. 2025 Their early acts of truth-telling — like refusing to participate in sham elections or other regime fictions — will exact an initial price as the government amps up its means of repression. Bret Stephens, The Mercury News, 27 Feb. 2025
Noun
Skip the standards with sham and follow the Euros with the bolster or lumbar. Patricia Shannon, Southern Living, 20 Jan. 2025 The set comes with two shams and a woven quilt that feels smooth and comfortable to sleep under all year round, according to shoppers. Toni Sutton, People.com, 28 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for sham
Recent Examples of Synonyms for sham
Adjective
  • This smart-looking slip-on is available in a variety of materials, including faux nubuck and leather.
    Miles Walls, Better Homes & Gardens, 2 Apr. 2025
  • At the stores, bestsellers in ready-to-wear have been their cashmeres and leathers, along with faux fur and items with special details such as rhinestones.
    Lisa Lockwood, Footwear News, 2 Apr. 2025
Adjective
  • From data breaches and counterfeit products to the rapid spread of misinformation, brand image threats are constantly multiplying and evolving.
    Shay Solomon, Forbes.com, 3 Apr. 2025
  • An Arizona man’s arrest after allegedly passing a counterfeit $100 bill at a Chesterton pizza parlor has prompted further investigation about a potential connection to other similar incidents in Porter County.
    Jim Woods, Chicago Tribune, 21 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • This is the version (1.0) version of his mock draft, and there could easily be revisions made necessary by trades, medical history and players rising and falling.
    Omar Kelly, Miami Herald, 21 Mar. 2025
  • Widely considered the top receiver in the draft, many mock drafts have had the Cowboys selecting the Southern California native at No. 12.
    Nick Harris, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 20 Mar. 2025
Noun
  • This semester's show is a musical parody of Love Island called Love on an Island.
    Hannah Sacks, People.com, 3 Apr. 2025
  • So Far Kilmer’s career spanned nearly four decades, starting with his first movie in 1984, the absurd joke-a-minute World War II parody Top Secret!, from the knuckleheads that created the comedy classic Airplane!
    John DeVore, Rolling Stone, 2 Apr. 2025
Noun
  • Dwight Gooden, who was the rookie of the year in 1984, thought the hoax was real at first.
    New York Daily News, New York Daily News, 29 Mar. 2025
  • In reality, the book and the article were the twin prongs of an elaborate hoax — but an important and influential one, Tinline explains in this entertaining history, with reverberations that have lasted into the present era of QAnon and Deep State conspiracy theories.
    New York Times, New York Times, 27 Mar. 2025
Noun
  • But this would come as the result of a cutback in government spending that is currently categorized by Trump Administration officials as either waste, fraud, or non-essential in nature.
    Sal Gilbertie, Forbes.com, 29 Mar. 2025
  • Holmes was convicted on four counts of fraud after lying to Theranos investors about her blood testing technology's reliability and was later sentenced to 11 years in prison in 2022.
    Madison E. Goldberg, People.com, 29 Mar. 2025
Verb
  • In the post, Oscar can be seen jumping into the ocean into his dad's arms, pretending to fly a plane, smiling with his mom Tana and cheesing on a blue truck.
    Hannah Sacks, People.com, 4 Apr. 2025
  • This prompt gives you enough talking points to contribute thoughtfully without pretending to be an expert.
    Dr. Diane Hamilton, Forbes.com, 4 Apr. 2025
Adjective
  • At times, these characters surrounded by the green and gold blur of jungle and sunshine almost look fake, or as if they’re being shot in a studio.
    Erik Kain, Forbes, 24 Mar. 2025
  • Connecting Japanese fans with all MLB players, teams Justin Turner #3 of the Chicago Cubs poses with young fans who wear fake beard prior to the game against Yomiuri Giants at Tokyo Dome on March 16, 2025 in Tokyo, Japan.
    Ian Thomas, CNBC, 22 Mar. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Sham.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/sham. Accessed 8 Apr. 2025.

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