variants or wilful
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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful Lies that constitute willful and harmful ignorance. Christine Winter, Artforum, 1 Mar. 2025 My headlong descent had much more to do with a willful and heedless pursuit of hedonism. Rachel Desantis, People.com, 30 Jan. 2025 On March 19, 2024, Huger was charged with a DUI and DWI on the counts of: negligently driving a vehicle in a careless and imprudent manner, endangering property, life, and person, as well as recklessly driving a vehicle in wanton and willful disregard for the safety of persons and property. Gabriela Silva, TVLine, 26 Feb. 2025 These misguided concerns are due to a willful ignorance of how and why the city is proposing to structure the payments. Pat Dowell, Chicago Tribune, 24 Feb. 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • On Wednesday, March 12, The Kardashians star was joined by her mother Kris Jenner for the latest episode of her Khloé in Wonderland podcast, where the two looked back at some of Khloé's rebellious childhood moments.
    Esther Kang, People.com, 12 Mar. 2025
  • Mickey, tasked with keeping her rebellious sister in line, never had the opportunity to be a kid.
    Aramide Tinubu, Variety, 12 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • Joking was her version of uncontrollable tears, but Dr. Fenton neither laughed nor pressed to see what was behind Lilian’s inane laughter.
    Yiyun Li, The New Yorker, 9 Mar. 2025
  • Separating benefits from employee health also allows businesses to escape uncontrollable, often double-digit, group plan renewals.
    Jack Hooper, Forbes, 4 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • So this kind of parallel can easily be drawn between Iran and other countries, [including those with] an arrogant isolation program, definitely.
    Georg Szalai, The Hollywood Reporter, 13 Mar. 2025
  • One of the targets of his reign of terror is arrogant Judge Stefan Mortensen, played by Oscar-winning actor Geoffrey Rush admitted to the facility after being left partially paralyzed after a stroke.
    Simon Thompson, Forbes, 5 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • Learn about your members and make deliberate introductions.
    Jodie Cook, Forbes, 13 Mar. 2025
  • But the shift was partly produced by deliberate changes to the rules, which were designed to ward off the darker side of teen glory.
    Louisa Thomas, The New Yorker, 9 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • One daughter, loving but stubborn, leaves for Vilna to study nursing.
    Judith Shulevitz, The Atlantic, 16 Mar. 2025
  • The true top is still stubborn, though: In 2023 women made up just over 10% of Fortune 500 CEOs, 9% of the FTSE CEOs, and 5.4% of CEOs of the S&P Global Broad Market Index.
    Kweilin Ellingrud, TIME, 11 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • Their bleeding champion — at the time a former and future president — raises a defiant fist.
    John Scott Lewinski, Washington Examiner - Political News and Conservative Analysis About Congress, the President, and the Federal Government, 14 Mar. 2025
  • After being yelled at, children often feel defiant, defensive, and disconnected from their parent.
    Daryl Austin, Parents, 14 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • Water signs may relate closely to wise and opinionated Owl while Earth signs may relate to the reserved and — sometimes gloomy — Eeyore.
    Athena Sobhan, People.com, 18 Jan. 2025
  • Finebaum, a former newspaper columnist who moved to Charlotte in 2013, is its opinionated star.
    Scott Fowler, Charlotte Observer, 16 Jan. 2025
Adjective
  • The user is urged to visit a website and pay an arbitrary toll amount to avoid a $50 fine.
    Dan Avery, CNBC, 17 Mar. 2025
  • His morning rants and arbitrary policies only harm the economy.
    Edward Lotterman, Twin Cities, 16 Mar. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 23 Mar. 2025.

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